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Laeknabladid Dec 2011Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an uncommon disease in children and adolescents but far from being unknown. The disease's symptoms are often non-specific and vague... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an uncommon disease in children and adolescents but far from being unknown. The disease's symptoms are often non-specific and vague at first and clinicians must suspect SLE without the more specific symptoms. Treatment should be initiated as soon as possible to delay or prevent serious complications. This case demonstrates the history of a young boy who needed medical attention at the Children's Hospital of Iceland because of joint pain, swollen lymph nodes and fatigue. The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment and prognosis of children diagnosed with SLE are reviewed.
Topics: Arthralgia; Fatigue; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 22133522
DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2011.12.403 -
Dermatology Online Journal Dec 2012Sarcoidosis is a multi-system, granulomatous disease, which affects the skin in approximately 20 to 30 percent of cases. Recognition of cutaneous sarcoidosis can be...
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system, granulomatous disease, which affects the skin in approximately 20 to 30 percent of cases. Recognition of cutaneous sarcoidosis can be challenging because of the wide range of skin lesion morphologies. Ulcerative sarcoidosis is uncommon. We present a 35-year-old woman with pretibial ulcerative sarcoidosis, indurated tattoos, and hilar lymphadenopathy.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Lymphatic Diseases; Sarcoidosis; Skin Diseases; Tattooing
PubMed: 23286819
DOI: No ID Found -
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences... 2012Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that involves multiple organs. Computed tomography is the first-line imaging modality for diagnosing... (Review)
Review
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that involves multiple organs. Computed tomography is the first-line imaging modality for diagnosing sarcoidosis because of its capacity to detect hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary lesions. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides good soft tissue contrast that is useful for detecting sarcoidosis in some body parts, including skeletal muscle. Signal intensity on pre- and postcontrast T(1)- and T(2)-weighted imaging may reflect disease activity and the pathological appearance of sarcoidosis. In this review, we demonstrate these conventional MR imaging findings of hepatosplenic and muscular sarcoidosis and describe the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging for detecting sarcoidosis.
Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscular Diseases; Sarcoidosis; Spleen
PubMed: 22790294
DOI: 10.2463/mrms.11.83 -
Journal of Medical Genetics Oct 2020Primary lymphatic anomalies may present in a myriad of ways and are highly heterogenous. Careful consideration of the presentation can lead to an accurate clinical... (Review)
Review
Primary lymphatic anomalies may present in a myriad of ways and are highly heterogenous. Careful consideration of the presentation can lead to an accurate clinical and/or molecular diagnosis which will assist with management. The most common presentation is lymphoedema, swelling resulting from failure of the peripheral lymphatic system. However, there may be internal lymphatic dysfunction, for example, chylous reflux, or lymphatic malformations, including the thorax or abdomen. A number of causal germline or postzygotic gene mutations have been discovered. Some through careful phenotyping and categorisation of the patients based on the St George's classification pathway/algorithm. The St George's classification algorithm is aimed at providing an accurate diagnosis for patients with lymphoedema based on age of onset, areas affected by swelling and associated clinical features. This has enabled the identification of new causative genes. This update brings the classification of primary lymphatic disorders in line with the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies 2018 classification for vascular anomalies. The St George's algorithm considers combined vascular malformations and primary lymphatic anomalies. It divides the types of primary lymphatic anomalies into lymphatic malformations and primary lymphoedema. It further divides the primary lymphoedema into syndromic, generalised lymphatic dysplasia with internal/systemic involvement, congenital-onset lymphoedema and late-onset lymphoedema. An audit and update of the algorithm has revealed where new genes have been discovered and that a molecular diagnosis was possible in 26% of all patients overall and 41% of those tested.
Topics: Humans; Lymphatic Abnormalities; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphedema; Vascular Diseases; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 32409509
DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106084 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Oct 1991The importance of accurate pathological diagnosis is emphasised in the case of a newborn infant who presented with alopecia, a generalised erythrodermatous skin...
The importance of accurate pathological diagnosis is emphasised in the case of a newborn infant who presented with alopecia, a generalised erythrodermatous skin eruption, and hepatosplenomegaly. She subsequently developed generalised lymphadenopathy and recurrent septicaemia and died aged 2 months. The histological findings of widespread lymphocytic, histiocytic, and eosinophilic tissue infiltration, associated with thymic hypoplasia, were consistent with autosomal recessive Omenn's disease.
Topics: Alopecia; Bone Marrow; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Female; Genes, Recessive; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases; Skin; Splenomegaly; Syndrome
PubMed: 1835343
DOI: 10.1136/adc.66.10.1247 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Feb 1965
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Infant; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphatic Diseases; Mandibular Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Prednisone; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
PubMed: 14270750
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.41.472.93 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Mar 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Crohn Disease; Dogs; History, 20th Century; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases
PubMed: 8183746
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.70.821.149 -
International Journal For Parasitology Jul 2009It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in... (Review)
Review
It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, congenital infection and neonatal mortality. Fifteen years after the description of T. gondii by Nicolle and Manceaux a fatal case of toxoplasmosis in a child was reported by Janků. In 1939 Wolf, Cowen and Paige were the first to conclusively identify T. gondii as a cause of human disease. This review examines the clinical manifestations of infection with T. gondii and the history of the discovery of these manifestations.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Encephalitis; Female; History, 20th Century; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic; Rabbits; Recurrence; Serologic Tests; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular
PubMed: 19217908
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.004 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2006The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymph vessels, lymphatic organs and lymph nodes. Traditionally, imaging of the lymphatic system has been based on... (Review)
Review
The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymph vessels, lymphatic organs and lymph nodes. Traditionally, imaging of the lymphatic system has been based on conventional imaging methods like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereby enlargement of lymph nodes is considered the primary diagnostic criterion for disease. This is particularly true in oncology, where nodal enlargement can be indicative of nodal metastases or lymphoma. CT and MRI on their own are, however, anatomical imaging methods. Newer imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) provide a functional assessment of node status. None of these techniques is capable of detecting flow within the lymphatics and, thus, several intra-lymphatic imaging methods have been developed. Direct lymphangiography is an all-but-extinct method of visualizing the lymphatic drainage from an extremity using oil-based iodine contrast agents. More recently, interstitially injected intra-lymphatic imaging, such as lymphoscintigraphy, has been used for lymphedema assessment and sentinel node detection. Nevertheless, radionuclide-based imaging has the disadvantage of poor resolution. This has lead to the development of novel systemic and interstitial imaging techniques which are minimally invasive and have the potential to provide both structural and functional information; this is a particular advantage for cancer imaging, where anatomical depiction alone often provides insufficient information. At present the respective role each modality plays remains to be determined. Indeed, multi-modal imaging may be more appropriate for certain lymphatic disorders. The field of lymphatic imaging is ever evolving, and technological advances, combined with the development of new contrast agents, continue to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphatic System; Lymphography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 17191764
DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.116 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Nov 1995
Review
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Physical Examination; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 8554372
DOI: 10.1136/adc.73.5.476